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InfoMagic Standards 1994 January
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InfoMagic Standards - January 1994.iso
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ccitt
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1988
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.rs
.\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
.\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
.\"
.\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
.TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
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.EN
.nr LL 40.5P
.nr ll 40.5P
.nr HM 3P
.nr FM 6P
.nr PO 4P
.nr PD 9p
.po 4P
.rs
\v | 5i'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'12P'
\s12FASCICLE\ X.7
\v'4P'
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBRecommendations Z.301 to Z.341\fR \v'2P'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBMAN\(hyMACHINE LANGUAGE (MML)\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.rs
.sp 31P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
\fBMONTAGE: PAGE 2 = PAGE BLANCHE\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.EF '% Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.301''
.OF '''Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.301 %'
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'3P'
SECTION\ 1
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBGENERAL\ PRINCIPLES\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ Z.301\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBINTRODUCTION\ TO\ THE\fR \
\fBCCITT\ MAN\(hyMACHINE\ LANGUAGE\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.301''
.OF '''Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.301 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBField of application\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The man\(hymachine language (CCITT MML) can be used to facilitate
operation and maintenance functions of Stored Program Control SPC\ systems of
different types. Depending upon national requirements, CCITT MML can also be
used to facilitate installation and acceptance testing of such systems.
.PP
In many cases, SPC systems will be supported by auxiliary systems,
e.g., in operation and maintenance centres and/or centres for other purposes
such as sales, subscribers' complaints,\ etc., to carry out functions in
cooperation with the SPC system. Different types of communication may be
required for this cooperation. To clarify where the CCITT MML is intended to
be used, a configuration is shown in Figure\ 1/Z.301 which illustrates
the case of three separate systems. Local and remote man\(hymachine terminals
may be used. The configuration of systems in a network may vary, but this
does not alter the principles governing the field of application of the
MML.
.PP
The CCITT MML is intended to handle the functions required at the
interface marked\ 1 while other methods may be required for the interface
marked\ 2. Interface\ 2 is not considered. Since interface\ 1 is the interface
of interest, it should be stressed that no assumptions are made concerning
the
physical location of any supporting software or whether, indeed, that software
is entirely resident in any one place rather than distributed.
.PP
Although telephone signalling and switching has been considered the
primary application area for the MML, these Recommendations accommodate the
extension of the MML into other areas such as data switching, ISDN operations
and maintenance, and software development environments.
.PP
In the Recommendations of this Part, the term \fIman\fR | is used in the
sense of \fIuser\fR , and the terms \fImachine\fR | and \fIsystem\fR |
are used
interchangeably.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBMan\(hymachine communication model\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Man\(hymachine communication, the means of exchanging information
between users and systems, can be represented by a layered model in which
each layer defines features that support such communication. In their entirety,
these features offer users an appropriate man\(hymachine interface. The
model is shown in Figure\ 2/Z.301 where higher layers are based upon features
offered by the lower layers. The man\(hymachine interface, for any given
system, represented by the highest layer of the model, is based on the
repertoire of inputs,
outputs, special actions and man\(hymachine interaction mechanisms, including
dialogue procedures made available by the layers below.
.PP
These features are, in turn, supported by the lower layers in which
the semantics associated with each MML function (actions, objects, information
entities and their interrelationships) and the MML syntax are defined.
The
lowest layer of the model is identified in the set of system functions to be
controlled and in the capabilities available in the man\(hymachine terminals
connected to the system.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 36P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1/Z.301, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 12P
.ad r
\fBFigure 2/Z.301 (comme tableau) [T1.301], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBOrganization of the MML Recommendations\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The Recommendations on man\(hymachine language are grouped in five
sections:
.RT
.LP
1
General principles
.LP
2
Basic syntax and dialogue procedures
.LP
3
Extended MML for visual display terminals
.LP
4
Specification of the man\(hymachine interface
.LP
5
Glossary of terms.
.PP
\fISection 1\fR | ives an introduction to man\(hymachine communication
by the CCITT MML and contains information of a general nature. \fISection\
2\fR deals with syntax and dialogue procedures for terminals where no advantage
is taken or can be taken of enhanced input and output facilities which
are usually
available on visual display terminals (VDTs). \fISection\ 3\fR describes
capabilities of VDTs and kinds of dialogue elements suitable for conveying
the syntax of any application, including the syntax specified in Section\
1, which can be applied to the operation and maintenance of SPC systems.
As terminal
.LP
technology advances and the theory of the man\(hymachine interface evolves,
greatly improved interfaces are possible. On the other hand, basic terminals
will remain in use. Therefore this section provides a framework that
accommodates interfaces possible on more sophisticated terminals and at the
same time ensures that syntactic details presented at both sophisticated and
basic terminals in a given application are consistent. \fISection\ 4\fR
identifies operation, maintenance, installation and acceptance testing
functions to be
controlled by the MML. A methodology is defined by which the semantics
relating to MML functions may be generated and by which the inputs, outputs
and
special actions may be specified; specific Recommendations on Subscriber
Administration, Routing Administration, Traffic Measurements Administration,
and Network Management Administration are included. \fISection\ 5\fR contains a
summary of the terms used in Sections\ 1 to\ 4 together with short definitions
to aid the reader seeking an explanation of a term.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBOrganization of Section 1\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Section 1 consists of two Recommendations:
.RT
.LP
Z.301
Introduction to the CCITT man\(hymachine language
.LP
Z.302
The meta\(hylanguage for describing MML syntax and dialogue procedures.
.PP
\fIRecommendation Z.302\fR | nables the reader to interpret the
diagrams used to specify MML syntax and dialogue procedures in Sections\ 2
and\ 3.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBBasis of MML\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The MML contains features which are sufficient to ensure that
all relevant functions for the operation, maintenance, installation and
acceptance testing of SPC\ systems can be performed.
.PP
The basic attributes of the language are summarized in the
following:
.RT
.LP
a)
The MML provides a consistent interface which is easy to
learn and easy to use by novices as well as by experts, making
possible the input of commands and the interpretation of
outputs in a way convenient to all users.
.LP
b)
The MML is flexible, allowing system design to be optimized
according to the tasks to be performed. It offers a variety of
input/output features including direct input, menus and
forms.
.LP
c)
The MML is adaptable to different kinds of personnel and to
different national languages and organizational
requirements.
.LP
d)
The MML is structured to allow graceful incorporation of new
technology.
.PP
The MML should be sufficiently flexible to meet Administrations' requirements
for the organization of their operation and maintenance staff and for the
security of their SPC\ systems; it should not restrict their selection
of terminal types. The MML covers the man\(hymachine interface including
those
functions that are initiated by the system and those that are initiated
by the user. It should be implemented in such a way that errors in commands
or control actions will not cause the system to stop, unduly alter the
system
configuration or take up undue resources.
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB6\fR \fBInput/output\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
As indicated in Figure 1/Z.301, the interface being recommended is that
between the user and an I/O device or devices. These devices must at least
be capable of handling the code of the characters of the CCITT International
Alphabet No.\ 5 both for input and for visual textual output to the user.
Input will normally be from a keyboard device, but for bulk input of data
and/or
commands, some temporary storage medium such as paper tape, cassette,
disc,\ etc., could be used. For output, a variety of device types is possible,
including paper tape punches, teletypewriters, line printers, visual display
terminals,\ etc.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB7\fR \fBExtensibility and sub\(hysetting\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The MML has an open\(hyended structure such that the addition of any new
function or requirement will have no influence on the existing ones.
.PP
The language structure is such that sub\(hysets can be created.
Sub\(hysetting may be for various purposes, e.g.,\ staff sub\(hysets, in which
selection is done to meet the needs of certain sections of staff; application
sub\(hysets, in which selection is made for convenience of
application,\ etc.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ Z.302\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBTHE\ \fR \fBMETA\(hyLANGUAGE\fR \ \fBFOR\ DESCRIBING\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.302''
.OF '''Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.302 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBMML\ SYNTAX\ AND\ DIALOGUE\ PROCEDURES\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Syntax diagrams are a method of defining language syntax
.FS
The
syntax diagrams used in MML are based on those used to describe the programming
language PASCAL\ [1].
.FE
. A syntax diagram consists of terminal and
non\(hyterminal symbol boxes connected by flowlines. An annotation symbol
is used to insert comments. The syntax of a language can be defined by
a series of
syntax diagrams, each diagram defining a particular non\(hyterminal symbol.
In the MML Recommendations, syntax diagrams are used to assist in specifying
the
syntax of the MML input, MML output and the user\(hysystem dialogue procedures.
A path through a syntax diagram defines an MML input, an MML output or
a
man\(hymachine dialogue structure.
.PP
The sequence of symbols in a path through syntax diagrams does not
always imply a corresponding order in time or in place. The order in time is
only significant in dialogue procedures for changes in the direction of the
information flow, i.e.\ from input to output or from output to input. For
output on printers it represents an order in place (from left to right
and from top to bottom). However, for output on VDTs, the order in place
only applies to
positions within a screen window (see Recommendation\ Z.322).
.PP
The following describes the use of syntax diagrams and states a set of
rules for their use.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBTerminology\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
2.1
Terminal symbols are those characters or strings of characters
which actually appear in the input or output. To avoid possible
misunderstanding, format effectors are represented by a crossed mnemonic of
the intended format effector.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
2.2
A non\(hyterminal symbol does not immediately appear in MML input
or MML output; it represents, within a syntax diagram, another syntax diagram
by name. Hence it is an abbreviated symbol for a more complex construct
(consisting of a set of terminal and/or non\(hyterminal symbols) used in
several places.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
2.3
Annotation symbols (see \(sc\ 3.7) are used to insert references to
descriptive or explanatory notes. For example, they may be used to indicate
mutually exclusive paths through a diagram.
.bp
.sp 9p
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBRules\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
3.1
Every symbol box (terminal or non\(hyterminal) and consequently
each diagram must have one, and one only, entry and one, and one only, exit
flowline.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.2
Each diagram must fit on a single page. Thus there is no
off\(hypage connector symbol.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.3
Flowlines are always unidirectional. The preferred direction
for flowlines which select alternatives is down. The preferred direction for
flowlines which connect symbols is left\(hyto\(hyright. The preferred direction
for flowlines which indicate repetitions (loops) is counterclockwise.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.4
An arrowhead is required wherever any two flowlines come
together, and wherever a flowline enters a symbol box. Additional arrowheads
may be inserted wherever it is felt that this will improve the clarity of
the diagram.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.5
Terminal symbols are surrounded by boxes with rounded corners.
The width of the box is proportional to the number of characters contained
in the box. For short terminal symbols, the box may become a circle. Symbols
representing system input are surrounded by a single solid line and those
representing system output by a double solid line:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\(em
for terminal input symbols see Figure\ 1a)/Z.302 and
Figure 1b)/Z.302,
.LP
\(em
for terminal output symbols see Figure 1c)/Z.302 and
Figure 1d)/Z.302.
.PP
3.6
Non\(hyterminal symbols are surrounded by rectangular boxes. The
name of the non\(hyterminal symbol must be written in lower case characters.
Every non\(hyterminal symbol must have an associated syntax diagram except
where the
symbol is annotated \*QNot further expanded in diagram form\*U. The non\(hyterminal
symbol used to name a particular syntax diagram must appear at the upper
left corner of the diagram. Symbols representing system input are surrounded
by a
single solid line, those representing system output by a double solid line
and symbols representing a combination of input and output by an outer
solid and an inner dashed line:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
a)
for the non\(hyterminal input symbol see Figure 1e)/Z.302,
.LP
b)
for the non\(hyterminal output symbol see Figure 1f)/Z.302,
.LP
c)
for the non\(hyterminal input/output symbol used in dialogue
procedures see Figure\ 1g)/Z.302.
.PP
3.7
An annotation is denoted by the following symbol:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 1P
.ad r
\fBFigure 34050, (M), p.\fR
.ad b
.RT
.LP
where n is a number referring to a descriptive or explanatory note. The text
of the note must be located at the foot of the diagram.
.LP
.rs
.sp 9P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1/Z.302, (M), p.\fR
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBReference\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
JENSEN (K.), WIRTH (N.): PASCAL, User Manual and Report, \fISpringer\fR
\fIVerlag\fR , New York, 1975.
.bp
.LP
\fBMONTAGE:\ \fR PAGE 8 = PAGE BLANCHE
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'3P'
SECTION\ 2
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBBASIC\ SYNTAX\ AND\ DIALOGUE\ PROCEDURES\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ Z.311\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBINTRODUCTION\ TO\ \fR \fBSYNTAX\ AND\ DIALOGUE\ PROCEDURES\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.311''
.OF '''Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.311 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBScope of the Section\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Section 2 deals with syntax and dialogue procedures for terminals where
no advantage is taken or can be taken of enhanced input and output
facilities which are usually available on VDTs. This basic MML is therefore
compatible with the use of VDTs used in the manner of teletypewriters, hard
copy printers, etc., at the man\(hymachine interface.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBOrganization of Section 2\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Section 2 consists of the following Recommendations:
.RT
.LP
Z.311
Introduction to syntax and dialogue procedures
.LP
Z.312
Basic format layout
.LP
Z.313
(spare)
.LP
Z.314
The character set and basic elements
.LP
Z.315
Input (command) language syntax specification
.LP
Z.316
Output language syntax specification
.LP
Z.317
Man\(hymachine dialogue procedures.
.PP
\fIRecommendation Z.317\fR | escribes the operational procedures for a
dialogue between user and system. For aspects of input syntax, reference
is
made to \fIRecommendation\ Z.315\fR and for aspects of output syntax, reference
is made to \fIRecommendation\ Z.316\fR . Recommendation\ Z.316 also deals
with output
outside dialogue. The specification of basic syntax elements for input and
output, together with the characters to be used, is contained in
\fIRecommendation\ Z.314\fR . Formats to be used on teletypewriters and
hard copy
printers are described in \fIRecommendation\ Z.312\fR .
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ Z.312\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBBASIC\ FORMAT\ LAYOUT\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.312''
.OF '''Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.312 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
To facilitate filing and retrieval of recorded information in MML, it is
recommended that this information should be recorded on pages with an
identification header at the top of each page. The top and bottom lines of a
page should not be used but should be left blank.
.PP
It is further recommended that the layout for printing information in MML
should be based on a maximum of 72\ characters per line and 66\ lines per
page, as this format can be accommodated on both the\ A4 and the\ 11\(hyinch
standard size paper and can be printed by standard teletypewriters.
.bp
.PP
Where a number of characters per line in excess of\ 72 is required, a second
format is recommended. This accommodates 120\ characters per line and
would be used, for example, on line printers.
.PP
In order to save paper or where paging to facilitate filing of output is
not required, paging may be suppressed by suppressing the generation of
all superfluous line feeds.
.PP
To distinguish between the formats recommended, they are further
indicated as format\ F1 for the paper sizes\ A4 and\ A5L and format\ F2 for the
paper size\ A4L. In the recommended formats specified below, International
Standard ISO/2784\ [1] has been taken into account.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBRecommended formats for presenting information in MML\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1
\fIFormat F1\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
According to this format, which is based on the\ A4 and the 11\(hyinch
standard size paper, the maximum number of characters per line is\ 72.
The
number of lines per page may be\ 66, using the full\ 11\(hyinch and A4\
paper sizes or\ 33, using half the paper size (5.5\ inch or\ A5L).
.PP
Information presented in this format can also be displayed on most
of the VDTs available on the market. However, the number of lines which
can be displayed at the same time on these devices is, in general, not
more than\ 20 to 25\ lines.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2
\fIFormat F2\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
This format allows a maximum of 120\ characters printed on a line
and has 66\ lines per page. It can be accommodated on paper having a width
equal to the A4L\ standard.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBReference\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
International Organization for Standardization: \fIContinuous forms used\fR
\fIfor information processing. Sizes and Sprocket feed holes\fR ,
ISO\ 2784\(hy1974.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ Z.314\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTHE\ CHARACTER\ SET\ AND\ BASIC\ ELEMENTS\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.314''
.OF '''Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.314 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The character set and the basic elements used in the syntax are
essential components of MML inputs, MML outputs and the man\(hymachine dialogue
procedures.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBThe character set\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The character set to be used for the CCITT MML is a sub\(hyset of the CCITT
International Alphabet\ No.\ 5 which has been established jointly by the
CCITT and the International Organization for Standardization.
.PP
To allow for possible implementation of the CCITT MML using
national languages, the sub\(hyset is taken from the basic code table given in
Recommendation\ T.50\ [1] The code positions reserved in this table for
national use are not contained in the basic character set of the CCITT
MML, but may be used in these national implementations.
.PP
According to Recommendation\ T.50 [1] transmission control characters and
information separators are intended to control or to facilitate
transmission of information over telecommunication networks. Hence these
control characters are not used in the MML. This will avoid interference
with data transmission procedures when information in the MML is transmitted
via a data transmission network.
.PP
It is furthermore recommended when information is printed or displayed
that devices are used which print or display different graphic symbols
for the digit zero and the capital letter\ O.
.bp
.PP
The characters selected for use in the CCITT MML are given in
Table\ 1/Z.314.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 31P
.ad r
\fBTableau 1/Z.314, (M), (comme figure), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
\fIGeneral remarks\fR \ \(em\ The characters proper to the open positions
are considered as outside the MML. They are implementation dependent and,
together with the characters named in the table but not included in the MML,
may be used in accordance with the rules given in Recommendation\ T.50\
[1]. The position of a character in the table can be indicated by its column
and row
number, e.g.,\ Pos.\ 3/1 gives the position of the digit\ 1 in the table. The
table gives also the binary codes allocated to the table positions according
to Recommendation\ T.50\ [1]. The bits are identified by\ b\d7\u,\ \d6\u,
. | | \ b\d1\u, where\ b\d7\uis the highest order, or most significant
bit, and\ b\d1\uis the lowest order, or least significant bit.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBSummary of use of characters\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The use of characters in the character set, except for letters,
digits, and characters used solely as graphic characters and format effectors,
is described in Table\ 2/Z.314. CCITT International Alphabet No.\ 5 code
is
indicated by position number (see Table\ 1/Z.314).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.1
\fILetter\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A letter is one of the characters listed in Table 1/Z.314, columns 4, 5,
6 and 7. However, positions 5/15 and 7/15 are excluded. The characters
reserved for national use may be used as letters or as graphic
characters.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2
\fIDigit\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A digit is one of the characters listed in Table 1/Z.314, column 3, positions
0 to\ 9.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.3
\fIGraphic characters\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Graphic characters are a collection of characters one or more of
which may be used to improve readability. Graphic characters which have
other syntactic uses are listed in Table\ 2/Z.314. The\ $ (position 2/4
in
Table\ 1/Z.314) is the only character used solely as a graphic
character.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.4
\fIFormat effector\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The format effectors used in MML are the characters FE1 to FE5 and SP (space)
as defined in Table\ 1/Z.314. The character BACK SPACE (FE0 in
Recommendation\ T.50\ [1]) is not regarded as a format effector in
the MML.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBBasic elements used in the syntax\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Syntax diagrams of the basic elements used in the syntax are given in \(sc\
5 in sub\(hyparagraphs with numbers corresponding to those in \(sc\ 4.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1
\fIIdentifier\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
An identifier is a string of one or more characters which begins
with a letter and, if applicable, subsequently contains only digits and/or
letters e.g.,\ U, UPDATE, UPD8.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2
\fISymbolic name\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A symbolic name is a string of one or more characters used for the purpose
of representing an entity which cannot be adequately represented by
numerals or identifiers. The string contains at least one letter and/or
at least one of the graphic characters +\ (plus sign), ##\ (number sign),
%\ (percent sign) plus any number of digits, including none. The characters
may appear in any order. For example a time duration of 6\ hours may be
represented by the symbolic name\ 06H, a 10\ percent threshold value by\
10%, a signalling
system such as CCITT No.\ 6 by SS##6.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.3
\fIDecimal numeral\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A decimal numeral is a character combination, consisting of a digit or
digits and an optional .\ (full stop), preceded by the special character
combination D'\ (D apostrophe). If the numeric default base for an information
unit (see Recommendation\ Z.315) is decimal, then the D' is
optional.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4
\fINondecimal numerals\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A nondecimal numeral is a character combination preceded by a
special character combination indicating the type of numeral.
.RT
.PP
4.4.1
H' (H apostrophe) is used to indicate a hexadecimal numeral,
the following characters thus being any of: digits 0\ to\ 9 or letters
A, B, C, D, E,\ F.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
4.4.2
O' (letter O apostrophe) is used to indicate an octal numeral,
the following characters thus being any of: digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,\ 7.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
4.4.3
B' (B apostrophe) is used to indicate a binary numeral, the
following characters thus being digit(s) 0 and/or digit(s)\ 1.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
4.4.4
K' (K apostrophe) is used to indicate a keyed numeral, the
following characters thus being any of: digits 0\(hy9, *\ (asterisk), ##\
(number
sign), or letters A, B, C,\ D.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
4.4.5
When the default base for an information unit (see
Recommendation\ Z.315) is one of the nondecimal numerals e.g.,\ hexadecimal,
the corresponding character combination, i.e.\ H' in this example, is
optional.
.bp
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce
\fBH.T. [1T1.314]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2/Z.314
.ce
\fBSummary of use of characters\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(30p) sw(30p) sw(48p) | cw(120p) , c | c | c | ^ .
{
CCITT International Alphabet No. 5
(Recommendation T.50) [1]
} Man\(hymachine language use
Character or character string Position number Name
_
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
CAN 1/8 Cancel Used as a deletion character.
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
! 2/1 exclamation mark {
An indicator used in dialogue procedures (continuation character
in input language).
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
\*U 2/2 quotation mark {
A text string delimiter and a graphic character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
## 2/3 number sign {
A character which may be used in symbolic names and keyed numerals
and as a graphic character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
% 2/5 percent sign {
A character which may be used in symbolic names and as a graphic
character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
& 2/6 ampersand {
A separator for information grouping and a graphic character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
' 2/7 apostrophe {
A separator used when indication of type of numeral is required. The
character is placed between a letter indicating the type of numeral
and the numeral itself. Also used as a graphic character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
( 2/8 left parenthesis {
Used for delimiting arithmetical expressions, and conditions in a
selection argument. Also a graphic character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
) 2/9 right parenthesis {
Used for delimiting arithmetical expressions, and conditions in a
selection argument. Also a graphic character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
* 2/10 asterisk {
Used for keyed numerals, as an arithmetic operator and as a graphic
character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
+ 2/11 plus sign {
A character which may be used in symbolic names, as an arithmetic
operator and as a graphical character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
++ 2/11\ 2/11 plus sign, plus sign {
A separator used for separating the increment from a group of
consecutive parameter values.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
, 2/12 comma {
A separator used to separate parameters (if more than one) within a
block of parameters.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
\(em 2/13 hyphen {
A separator used to separate information units or to separate
identifiers and/or index numbers within compound parameter names.
Also used as an arithmetic operator and as a graphic character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
. 2/14 full stop {
A separator used for subdividing a number into an integer part and a
fraction part and as a graphic character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
/ 2/15 solidus {
Used as an arithmetic operator and as graphic character.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
: 3/10 colon {
A separator used to separate blocks of parameters from each other
and from the command code, an indicator used in the parameter block
request indication and a separator used in output.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
; 3/11 semicolon {
An indicator used to terminate a command (execution character).
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
< 3/12 less than sign {
An indicator used as a ready indicator for the system to output that
it is ready to receive information, and a relational operator used in
a selection argument.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
= 3/13 equal sign {
A separator used to separate the parameter name and the parameter value
of a parameter. Also a relational operator used in a selection
argument.
}
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 2/Z.314 [1T1.314], p.6\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce
\fBH.T. [2T1.314]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2/Z.314\ \fI(cont.)\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(30p) sw(30p) sw(48p) | cw(120p) , c | c | c | ^ .
{
CCITT International Alphabet No. 5
(Recommendation T.50) [1]
} Man\(hymachine language use
Character or character string Position number Name
_
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
> 3/14 greater than sign {
A separator to terminate the destination identifier and a relational
operator used in a selection argument.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
<= 3/12\ 3/13 less than or equal sign {
A relational operator used in a selection argument.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
<> 3/12\ 3/14 {
less than or greater than sign
} {
A relational operator used in a selection argument.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
>= 3/14\ 3/13 greater than or equal sign {
A relational operator used in a selection argument.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
? 3/15 question mark {
An indicator used for prompting or help.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
&& 2/6\ 2/6 ampersand, ampersand {
Separator used for information grouping.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
&\(em 2/6\ 2/13 ampersand, hyphen {
Separator used for information grouping.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
&&\(em 2/6\ 2/6\ 2/13 ampersand, ampersand, hyphen {
Separator used for information grouping.
}
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
/* 2/15\ 2/10 solidus, asterisk Used to open a comment.
.T&
cw(30p) | cw(30p) | lw(48p) | lw(120p) .
*/ 2/10\ 2/15 asterisk, solidus Used to close a comment.
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 2/Z.314 [2T1.314], p.7\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5
\fIText string\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A text string allows input of a literal text, including any
delimiters which would have syntactical meanings when input outside a text
string. It consists of a string of zero or more characters enclosed by a
\*Q\ (quotation mark) at the beginning and end. The string may contain
any of the characters belonging to the character set defined in \(sc\ 2
except correction
characters (see Recommendation\ Z.315). If \*Q\ (quotation mark) is required
within a string, it is represented by \*Q\*U\ (double quotation marks).
Text strings
in output need not be delimited by quotation marks. Text strings for use
in extended MML (Recommendations\ Z.321\(hyZ.323) need not be delimited by
quotation marks.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.6
\fIArithmetical expression\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
An arithmetical expression is a combination of certain basic
elements and arithmetic operators delimited by parentheses.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.7
\fIAncillary facilities\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Additional facilities have been provided when using MML commands as follows.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.7.1
\fIComment facility\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A comment is defined as a character string enclosed between the
separators\ /* (solidus asterisk) and\ */ (asterisk solidus), where the
character string may contain any characters except the sequence\ */ (asterisk
solidus) and correction characters (see Recommendation\ Z.315). The character
string,
including the delimiters,
.bp
.PP
has neither MML syntactical nor semantical significance. However, if it
occurs in a text string, it is regarded as being part of the text string.
A comment may be inserted only before and/or after a separator, indicator,
arithmetic delimiter [(\ (left parenthesis), )\ (right
parenthesis)], arithmetic operator [+\ (plus sign), \(hy\ (hyphen), /\
(solidus),
*\ (asterisk)], identifier or information unit [excluding the '\ (apostrophe)
between the type of numeral and the numeral itself and the\ .\ (full stop)
between the integer and fractional part of a number].
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.7.2
\fIEscape syntax\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
In some systems it is not possible to use characters with
syntactical meaning [e.g.,\ ;\ (semi colon), \(hy\ (hyphen)] or correction
characters as data. In such systems an escape indication may be used in
order to introduce the following character as data.
.PP
A specific escape indication is not proposed due to the diverse nature
of terminals.
.PP
No syntax diagram is given.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.7.3
\fIFormat effector\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A format effector (see \(sc\ 3.4) is used to format input and output
in a suitable manner. Format effectors have no significance in a command and
may appear anywhere in input.
.PP
No syntax diagram is given.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.8
\fISeparator\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A separator is a character or a string of characters used to
separate items of information in the input or output and it may, in addition,
have structural, semantic or other significance.
.PP
No syntax diagram is given.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.9
\fIIndicator\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
An indicator is a character used to indicate a state or make a
request.
.PP
No syntax diagram is given.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBDefinition of the basic elements used in the syntax in diagrams\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
All these elements may be used in both input and output but for
simplicity only the input elements are shown in the diagrams. The output
elements are identical to the input elements.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.1
\fIIdentifier\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 3P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy26400, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2
\fISymbolic name\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 8P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy21391, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.3
\fIIndex number\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 2P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000690\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
5.4
\fIDecimal numeral\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 6P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29381, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
5.5
\fINondecimal numerals\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.5.1
\fIHexadecimal numeral\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 9P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy26421, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.5.2
\fIOctal numeral\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 8P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29841, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.5.3
\fIBinary numeral\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 4P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29851, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
5.5.4
\fIKeyed numeral\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 9P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy26431, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.6
\fIText string\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 12P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000701\(hy88, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.7
\fIArithmetical expression\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 19P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29401, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
5.8
\fIAncillary facilities\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.8.1
\fIComment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 6P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34210, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBReference\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
CCITT Recommendation \fIInternational Alphabet No.\ 5\fR ,
Rec.\ T.50.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ Z.315\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBINPUT\ (COMMAND)\ LANGUAGE\ \fR \fBSYNTAX\ SPECIFICATION\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.315''
.OF '''Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.315 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The following text describes the elements of the input language.
Syntax diagrams of the input language are given in \(sc\ 4 in sub\(hyparagraphs
with numbers corresponding to those in \(sc\ 2. Where input elements are
used in
output, reference to these elements is made in the output language
description Recommendation\ Z.316. Procedural aspects are taken into account
in Recommendation\ Z.317. It should be noted that certain areas of the
syntax allow options to be taken which could result in a syntax clash.
The taking of such
options must be chosen to suit the particular system involved.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBCommand structure\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1
\fICommand\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A command begins with the command code, which defines the function to be
performed by the system. If further information is required a command
code can be followed by a parameter part from which it is separated by a
:\ (colon). The parameter part consists of one or more blocks of parameters
(see \(sc\(sc\ 2.3 and\ 2.9.1). A command is always completed by an execution
character (see Recommendation\ Z.317).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2
\fICommand code\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The command code is composed of up to three identifiers separated by a
\(hy\ (hyphen) (e.g.,\ functional area\ \(hy\ object type\ \(hy\ action).
Where command codes are in the form of single mnemonic abbreviations, it
is recommended that they consist of the same number of characters.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3
\fIBlock of parameters\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A block of parameters contains information necessary to execute the function
specified in the command code. The information in a block of
parameters is expressed in the form of a number of parameters specific
to the command. If more than one parameter is included, they shall be separated
by a ,\ (comma). All parameters in any one block shall be of the same kind
i.e.\ either position defined parameters or parameter name defined
parameters.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4
\fIParameters\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A parameter identifies and contains a piece of information and may be either
position defined or parameter name defined. Non\(hyrelevant parameters
may be omitted in accordance with \(sc\(sc\ 2.4.1 and\ 2.4.2.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.1
\fIPosition defined parameter\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A position defined parameter consists of a parameter value which
may be preceded by a parameter name from which it is separated by an\ =
(equal sign). Parameters must be given in a predetermined order within
the parameter block. Where a parameter value is not to be given, the parameter
is omitted
leaving the appropriate separator or the appropriate indicator used to
terminate a command. This indicates the parameter's position in the block of
parameters. Parameter omission can imply that the default value is meant.
The default value can also be indicated by giving a parameter value assigned
for
this purpose.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.2
\fIParameter name defined parameter\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A parameter name defined parameter consists of a parameter name
followed by a parameter value from which it is separated by an =\ (equal
sign). These parameters may be given in an arbitrary order within the parameter
block. Where a parameter value is not to be given, the parameter name and
separator
=\ (equal sign) and the separator ,\ (comma) following the parameter are also
omitted. This omission can imply that the default value is meant. The default
value can also be indicated by giving a parameter value assigned for this
purpose. Where a parameter value implies the parameter name the latter
and the separator =\ (equal sign) can be omitted.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5
\fIParameter name\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A parameter name unambiguously indicates the kind and structure of the
subsequent parameter value and thereby defines the parameter value
and how it shall be interpreted. It is an identifier. It is either a
simple parameter name or a compound parameter name. The simple parameter
name indicates a single parameter value and a compound name indicates a
parameter
value in a list or table of similar parameter types.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5.1
\fISimple parameter name\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A simple parameter name consists of one identifier.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5.2
\fICompound parameter name\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A compound parameter name consists of one or more identifiers and/or index
number all separated by a separator\ \(hy\ (hyphen).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5.2.1
\fIIndex number\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
An index number is one or more digits.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.6
\fIParameter value\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A parameter value contains the information required to specify the appropriate
object(s) or value(s) and consists of one or more information
units. In the case where no information grouping (see \(sc\ 2.9) is applied a
parameter value reduces to a parameter argument. Refer to \(sc\ 2.10 for data
base query aspects.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.7
\fIParameter argument\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A parameter argument contains the information required to specify the appropriate
object or value. It is the form of a parameter value when no
information grouping is applied (see \(sc\ 2.9). A parameter argument consists
of a simple or a compound parameter argument.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.7.1
\fISimple parameter argument\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A simple parameter argument consists of one information unit.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.7.2
\fICompound parameter argument\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A compound parameter argument consists of two or more information units
separated by a \(hy\ (hyphen).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.8
\fIInformation unit\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
An information unit constitutes the smallest unit of information in the
language from a syntactical point of view. An information unit can be a
numeral, an identifier, a symbolic name, a text string or an arithmetical
expression. A numeral always has a default base (e.g.,\ hexadecimal) which
can be overwritten, if required, by introducing the desired base as specified
in
Recommendation\ Z.314. However, the default base for a keyed numeral cannot
be overwritten by another base.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.9
\fIInformation grouping\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Information grouping is used to improve the speed and ease of input activities.
It is performed by grouping sets of information of the same type
within the same command.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.9.1
\fIGrouping of blocks of parameters\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
If several blocks of parameters are to be included in one command they
shall be separated by a :\ (colon).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.9.2
\fIGrouping of parameter arguments\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Input of more than one parameter argument within one parameter of a command
can be achieved by grouping parameter arguments.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.9.2.1
\fIGrouping of simple parameter arguments\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
It is possible to indicate several simple parameter arguments
within the same parameter value separated by an &\ (ampersand).
\fIExample\ 1:\fR | 5&9\ means the simple parameter arguments\ 5 and\ 9.
.PP
The interpretation of the separators &&\ (ampersand
ampersand) and &&\(hy\ (ampersand ampersand hyphen) is not exclusive. Other
interpretations exist. One alternative would imply that no specific increment
is inherent in the syntax. That is, the relationship of the values between
the upper and lower values in the sequence is a semantic relationship
dependent upon the function for which the sequence is being
specified.
.FE
.PP
In the case of a sequence of consecutive (implicit increment
value\ =\ 1) simple parameter arguments, it is possible to indicate the
arguments by writing the lower and upper simple parameter arguments separated
by an
&&\ (ampersand ampersand)
. \fIExample\ 2:\fR | 5&&9\ means the simple parameter arguments\ 5,
6, 7, 8 and\ 9.
.PP
An explicit increment value can be specified following the upper
parameter argument separated by ++\ (plus plus). \fIExample\ 3:\fR |
5&&9++2\ means the simple parameter arguments\ 5, 7 and\ 9.
.PP
Other combinations of the above possibilities may also be used when
required. \fIExample\ 4:\fR | 5&&7&9\ means the simple parameter arguments\
5, 6, 7
and\ 9. \fIExample\ 5:\fR | 5&&9++2&10\ means the simple parameter arguments\
5, 7, 9
and\ 10.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.9.2.2
\fIGrouping of compound parameter arguments\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
It is possible to indicate several compound parameter arguments
within the same parameter value separated by an &\ (ampersand).
\fIExample\ 1:\fR | 5\(hy1&6\(hy3\ means the two compound parameter arguments
5\(hy1
and\ 6\(hy3.
.PP
If a group of compound parameter arguments differs only in the last
information unit, the first compound parameter argument is completely
specified, whereas all subsequent compound parameter arguments are represented
only by their last information units, separated by an &\(hy\ (ampersand
hyphen).
\fIExample\ 2:\fR | 7\(hy1&\(hy3\ means the two compound parameter arguments\
7\(hy1 and\ 7\(hy3.
.PP
If a group of compound parameter arguments differs only in the last
information unit and constitutes a consecutive sequence (implicit
increment value =\ 1), it is possible to indicate the arguments by
writing the lower and upper information units separated by an &&\(hy\ (ampersand
ampersand hyphen)
. \fIExample\ 3:\fR | 7\(hy1&&\(hy3\ means the three compound
parameter arguments\ 7\(hy1, 7\(hy2 and\ 7\(hy3. \fIExample\ 4:\fR |
7\(hy1&\(hy3&&\(hy5\ means the four compound parameter arguments\ 7\(hy1,
7\(hy3, 7\(hy4 and\ 7\(hy5.
.bp
.PP
An explicit increment value can be specified following the upper
information unit separated by ++\ (plus plus).
.PP
Any combination of the above possibilities may also be applied when
required. \fIExample\ 5:\fR | 5\(hy1&&\(hy3&8\(hy2&\(hy5&\(hy6 means
the six compound parameter
arguments\ 5\(hy1, 5\(hy2, 5\(hy3, 8\(hy2, 8\(hy5 and 8\(hy6. \fIExample\
6:\fR | 5\(hy1&&\(hy7++2&8\(hy1&\(hy3
means the six compound parameter arguments\ 5\(hy1, 5\(hy3, 5\(hy5, 5\(hy7,
8\(hy1
and\ 8\(hy3.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.10
\fIData base queries\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Data base queries are expressed in terms of projection and
selection information. Projection information can be represented by a
parameter. Its name identifies the projection function. Its group of parameter
argument(s) identifies the appropriate field(s) of the data records to
be
displayed. Selection information can be represented by a parameter where the
name identifies the selection function and the value identifies a (group of)
selection argument(s). A selection argument comprises one or more conditions
that should all be satisfied. A condition is specified by an identifier
and a (group of) parameter argument(s) separated by a relational operator.
The
identifier specifies the name of the field and of the record to be selected.
Omission of the selection information implies that the query is not
conditional.
.RT
.PP
The names \*Qprojection\*U and \*Qselection\*U are chosen for the example
only. Other names such as \*Qselect\*U and \*Qwhere\*U may apply.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIExamples:\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
query\(hydbx:
projection
=\ field\ a,
.LP
selection
=\ (field\ c\ =\ 0);
.PP
This command requests the records that satisfy the selection
criterion field\ c\ =\ 0 of data set\ x; however, only field a of the selected
records needs to be displayed.
.LP
query\(hydbx:
projection
=\ field\ a & field\ b,
.LP
selection
=\ (field\ b\ >\ 5, field\ c\ =\ 1);
.PP
This command requests the records that satisfy both the selection
criteria field\ b\ >\ 5 and field\ c\ =\ 1 of data set\ y. The resulting
display need only show the fields\ a and\ b of the selected records.
.LP
query\(hydbz:
projection
=\ field\ a & field\ b & field\ d,
.LP
selection
=\ (field\ d\ <\ =\ 7, field\ e\ =\ 0)
& (field\ b\ =\ P);
.PP
This command requests from data set z the records that satisfy
both the criteria field\ d<\ =\ 7 and field\ e\ =\ 0. It also requests
the records
that satisfy the criterion field\ b\ =\ P. The display of all selected records
need only show fields\ a, b, and\ d.
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIWarning\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The use of characters , (comma) and & (ampersand) in CCITT\(hyMML
corresponds to the operators AND and OR in predicate logic. A general
assumption is made that predicate logic is not used by normal operating
personnel. Confusion can also be avoided by realizing the functions of the
various separation characters in CCITT\(hyMML. The comma is used as a separator
of parameters within a block, where all parameters together play a role
in
executing the command. The ampersand serves as a separator in information
grouping, and is used to input one command \*Qvalue1&value2\*U, as an alternative
to inputting two commands, one for \*Qvalue1\*U, and one for \*Qvalue2\*U.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fIRestriction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
To avoid meaningless expressions, the parameter argument if used in combination
with a non\(hysymmetrical relational operator in syntax
diagram\ 4.10.1.1 (condition) should be restricted to numerals. However,
identifiers and symbolic names are allowed if they represent members of an
ordered set.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBCorrections and delete command\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Corrections can be made by the deletion and resubmission of
input.
.PP
Specific characters are not proposed because of the diverse nature of Input/Output
terminal devices available.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.1
\fIDelete last character\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The facility may be used to delete successive input characters back to
the last system output (see \(sc\ 3.2).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2
\fIDelete to last system output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
This facility deletes all input characters after the last system
output, being either the ready indication or prompting output (see
Recommendation\ Z.317).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.3
\fIDelete command\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The delete command request is conveyed by the CAN character
(cancel). The use of this character causes the system to respond with an
acknowledgement that presents input after the last command executed is
cancelled. The system should respond with a new ready indication to indicate
that it is waiting for a new command code (see
Recommendation\ Z.317).
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBDefinition of the input (command) language structure in\fB
\fBsyntax diagrams\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1
\fICommand\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy21342, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2
\fICommand code\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 3P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29351, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.3
\fIBlock of parameters\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 11P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy21352, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
4.4
\fIParameters\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4.1
\fIPosition defined parameter\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29360, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4.2
\fIParameter name defined parameter\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 3P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29370, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5
\fIParameter name\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000710\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5.1
\fISimple parameter name\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 2P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy26370, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5.2
\fICompound parameter name\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 6P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000720\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
4.6
\fIParameter value\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 11P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000730\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.7
\fIParameter argument\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 6P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34170, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.7.1
\fISimple parameter argument\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 4P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy26370, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.7.2
\fICompound parameter argument\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34200, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
4.8
\fIInformation unit\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 16P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy26390, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
4.9
\fIInformation grouping\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.9.1
\fIGroup of blocks of parameters\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
See syntax diagram \(sc\ 4.1.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.9.2
\fIGroup of parameter arguments\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 4P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34170, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.9.2.1
\fIGroup of simple parameter arguments\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy69470, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
4.9.2.2
\fIGroup of compound parameter arguments\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 8P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy69480, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
4.10
\fIData base queries\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.10.1
\fISelection argument\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 4P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000740\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.10.1.1
\ \fICondition\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000750\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.10.1.2
\ \fISymmetrical relational operator\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 4P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000760\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
4.10.1.3
\ \fINon\(hysymmetrical relational operator\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 9P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000770\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.10.2
\fIGroup of selection arguments\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000780\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ Z.316\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBOUTPUT\ LANGUAGE\fR \ \fBSYNTAX\ SPECIFICATION\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.316''
.OF '''Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.316 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Syntax diagrams of the output language are given in \(sc\ 3 in
sub\(hyparagraphs having numbers corresponding to those in \(sc\ 2. Where input
elements are used in output, a reference is made to the input language
description Recommendation\ Z.315. Procedural aspects utilizing output other
than output outside dialogue are taken into account in
Recommendation\ Z.317.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBOutput structure\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1
\fIOutput outside dialogue\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The output described is output outside dialogue. This output is
either a spontaneous output indicating a certain event, e.g.,\ an alarm
situation, or it is a delayed response to an interactive operating sequence
(see Recommendation\ Z.317). An example of such a delayed response is a
traffic measurement result.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2
\fIHeader\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The header is given in output outside dialogue. It is also used in the
dialogue procedure (see Recommendation\ Z.317). The main purpose of the
header is to mark the output outside dialogue or the record of the dialogue
for identification and information. The header can also be used for special
purposes for an operation and maintenance centre. Recommended contents are
information related to source identification, date and time. More information
not related to the input or output function can be added to the header
as
additional header information.
.PP
The header is introduced by format effectors and/or graphic characters
selected from a layout option.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.1
\fILayout option\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A layout option is a combination of format effectors and graphic
characters used to bound elements of the output in a clear and readable
form.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.1.1
\fIGraphic characters\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Graphic characters are used to improve readability of output.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.1.2
\fIFormat effector\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A format effector is used to format output in a suitable manner.
Certain format effectors are specifically incorporated in the output definition
given in \(sc\ 3, but where the format effector element is shown any of
the format effectors specified for\ MML can be used. No syntax diagram
is shown.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.2
\fISource identifier\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A source identifier indicates the physical area in which an output was
generated.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.3
\fICalendar date\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The output of the date in the header is based on the International Standard
(ISO\ 2014)\ [1] for the writing of calendar dates in all\(hynumeric form.
The calendar date shall be written in the following order: year, month,
day.
The calendar date shall consist of a two decimal digit or four decimal digit
year, a two decimal digit month, and a two decimal digit day of the month.
The allowable characters between year and month and between month and day
are
hyphen or space.
.PP
Examples:
.PP
The 4th October 1979 shall be written in one of the following
ways:
.RT
.LP
a)
19791004;
.LP
b)
1979\(hy10\(hy04;
.LP
c)
1979 10 04;
.LP
d)
791004;
.LP
e)
79\(hy10\(hy04;
.LP
f
)
79 10 04.
.PP
The calendar date in input should preferably have a layout similar to that
in output.
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.4
\fITime of day\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The output of the time in the header is based on the International Standard
(ISO\ 3307)\ [2]. However, in\ MML the output of a decimal fraction of
hours, minutes, or seconds is not utilized in the header.
.PP
Time representations are based upon the 24\(hyhour timekeeping system.
The sequencing of time elements shall be from high order to low order (left
to right): hours, minutes, seconds. The hour shall be represented by a
two\(hydigit decimal number ranging from\ 00 up to and including\ 23. The
minute shall be
represented by a two\(hydigit decimal number ranging from\ 00 up to and
including\ 59. The second shall be represented by a two digit decimal number
ranging from\ 00 up to and including\ 59.
\v'2p'
.RT
.LP
Examples:
.LP
Hours,\ minutes
1225
or
12:25
.LP
Hours,\ minutes,\ seconds
122501
or
12:25:01
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.5
\fIAdditional header information\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Additional header information is general information which has no relation
to the function of the output,\ e.g.:
.RT
.LP
\(em
sequence number,
.LP
\(em
processor number,
.LP
\(em
output device,
.LP
\(em
day of the week.
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3
\fIAlarm statement\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The alarm statement may give information of a general class such as the
degree of alarm or the source of alarm.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.1
\fIVariable text\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Variable text is a set of information units which contains
information unique to the event which caused the output.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4
\fIAdditional information\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Additional information is general information related to the
output, e.g.:
.RT
.LP
\(em
type of output e.g., maintenance, statistics. This is not the
same as identification of output, (see \(sc\ 2.6),
.LP
\(em
output recipient identification.
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5
\fICommand reference\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A command reference supplies a command sequence number when needed in output
outside dialogue as a reference to a previous input. In addition to the
command sequence number it may also include clarifying text. It also may
appear in dialogue procedures (see Recommendation\ Z.317).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5.1
\fIClarifying text\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Clarifying text is a set of information units used to make the
purpose and contents of the output more clear to the reader. Several clarifying
texts could appear in an output.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.6
\fIIdentification of output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Identification of output provides a unique identity for an output in a
system's repertoire of outputs. Therefore, it could be used as a reference
to the explanation of the output in a manual.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.7
\fIText block\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A text block is any combination of clarifying texts, variable
texts, parameter name defined parameters and/or tables which gives information
wherever it is needed or requested. For VDT applications this may be a
displayed form.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.8
\fITable\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A table is an ordered presentation of interrelated information.
.PP
Clarifying text within a table can be used as labels to each column
contained within the table. Where a table name or additional information
associated with the table is required the clarifying text appearing at the
beginning of the table in the syntax diagram of \(sc\ 3.8 could be used.
.PP
When parameter name defined parameters are used to label columns each parameter
should be complete, i.e.\ contain a parameter value (see
Recommendation\ Z.315).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.8.1
\fINew line\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
New line is a character combination necessary to reset an output
device to the beginning of a new line. It is recognized that the character
combination is device dependent but can contain the characters CR (carriage
return) and LF (line feed). No syntax diagram is shown.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.9
\fIEnd of output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
An end of output is an indication that an output is
finished.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.10
\fIComments in output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The purpose of a comment in output is as for clarifying text (see \(sc\
2.5.1) with the exception that the syntax is as for comment in input so
that it may be discarded during a subsequent re\(hyinput. No syntax diagram
is
shown.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBDefinition of the output language syntax in diagrams\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.1
\fIOutput outside dialogue\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 23P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29412, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2
\fIHeader\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy26312, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.1
\fILayout option\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 8P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29471, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.1.1
\fIGraphic character\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 15P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29501, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.2
\fISource identifier\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34220, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.3
\fICalendar date\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 12P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy69490, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.4
\fITime of day\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 13P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy69500, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.5
\fIAdditional header information\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34250, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.3
\fIAlarm statement\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 11P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34261, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.3.1
\fIVariable text\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34270, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.4
\fIAdditional information\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34250, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.5
\fICommand reference\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 4P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34281, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.5.1
\fIClarifying text\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34270, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.6
\fIIdentification of output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 8P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34291, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.7
\fIText block\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 19P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000790\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.8
\fITable\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 16P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy19111, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.9
\fIEnd of output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 15P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy19044, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fBReferences\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
[1]
\fIWriting of Calendar Dates in All\(hyNumeric Form\fR ,
ISO Standard 2014\(hy1976.
.LP
[2]
\fIInformation Interchange\ \(em\ Representation of Time of the Day\fR ,
ISO Standard 3307\(hy1975.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ Z.317\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBMAN\(hyMACHINE\ DIALOGUE\ PROCEDURES\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.317''
.OF '''Fascicle\ X.7\ \(em\ Rec.\ Z.317 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Man\(hymachine communication comprises two types of information
interchange, namely \fIdialogue\fR and \fIoutput outside dialogue\fR ;
they occur
sequentially and in no particular order. Output outside dialogue is fully
defined in Recommendation\ Z.316.
.PP
Dialogue is that part of man\(hymachine communication initiated and,
normally, terminated by the user. It is accomplished by means of the dialogue
procedures described in this Recommendation. In the text, the terms \*Qdialogue\*U
and \*Qdialogue procedure\*U are used interchangeably.
.PP
The text in \(sc\ 2 describes the dialogue procedure, the syntax diagrams
of which are given in \(sc\ 3 in sub\(hydivisions having numbers corresponding
to
those used in \(sc\ 2.
.PP
A systematic analysis of possible errors made by users is not
considered. Diagrams mainly refer to correctly given commands and only
obvious error situations are considered. It is recognized that the diagrams
are not
exhaustive and some of them might be modified when error recovery procedures
have been completely considered.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBDefinition of the dialogue procedure\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1
\fIOverview of the\fR | fBdialogue procedure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A dialogue is opened by a procedure prologue. The procedure
prologue contains the various preparations which must be performed before
commands can be initiated. It may include a header from the system. Following
the procedure prologue a destination prologue can precede one or more
interactive operating sequences. The dialogue can be terminated by a procedure
epilogue.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2
\fBprocedure prologue\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The procedure prologue may consist of three parts given in the
following order:
.RT
.LP
\(em
the request, which is an action to activate the man\(hymachine
terminal and the system;
.LP
\(em
the identification of the user. The identification of the
user is optional. Identification may be bypassed under
special conditions, for example system initialization. In
situations where no identification procedure is used, then it
must be possible to allow access only for certain periods per
day, e.g., office hours;
.LP
\(em
a header, which is given from the system and contains the
exchange identification, information relating to date and
time,\ etc. Headers can be optional for a system or within a
system for certain terminals.
.PP
The procedure prologue is intended to be executed only once at the beginning
of a dialogue. The procedure prologue is followed by a ready
indication inviting a destination prologue or an interactive operating
sequence.
.PP
The request, the identification of the user and the header are defined
in the following paragraphs.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.1
\fBrequest\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The request is a manual action to activate the terminal and the
system or to cause an interrupt. The composition of the request is highly
dependent on the type of terminal and implementation.
.PP
The request can consist of keying the break key or actuating a control
switch, power on, etc. and/or keying a sequence of characters on the
keyboard.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.2
\fBidentification procedure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The identification procedure is used to identify the user to the system.
The identification procedure may involve the use of identity cards
which provide secure access to the system.
.PP
After a user has been identified to the system, different
authorization levels may be applied that restrict access to groups of commands
depending on security or functional classification.
.PP
The identification procedure (see figure 3.2.2/Z.317) is flexible,
with many options, but the following guidelines apply:
.RT
.LP
\(em
if an identity card is used, it should always be preceded or
followed by a password;
.LP
\(em
for security reasons, it might be required to suppress all
response from the system to the identification procedures;
.LP
\(em
after a number of consecutive attempts some appropriate
action is needed. For example: generate an alarm, or
temporarily block access to the system from that
terminal.
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.2.1
\fBready indication\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The ready indication indicates that the direction of the dialogue has changed
and that the system is waiting for information to be given at the terminal.
The ready indication is defined as the character\ < (less than sign) optionally
preceded by the appropriate format effectors. The < (less than sign) character
is not necessarily required in extended MML
(Recommendations\ Z.321\(hyZ.323), as the information that the terminal
is ready
for input can be given by cursor position, or additional information contained
somewhere in the menu or form.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.3
\fBheader\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The header (see Recommendation\ Z.316) is output by the system at the end
of the procedure prologue.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3
\fBdestination prologue\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The destination prologue consists of a destination identifier
terminated by the separator\ > (greater than sign) so as to distinguish
it from a command.
.PP
The destination identifier indicates the physical area where the
command is to be mainly processed, e.g.,\ exchange identification, processor
number. It consists of one or more information units separated by \(hy\
(hyphen). The destination could also be defined by a parameter in the command.
.PP
The destination identifier may be followed by a header to indicate
that a selected destination is allowed, available and ready or alternatively
by a rejection output to indicate the converse.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4
\fBprocedure epilogue\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The procedure epilogue is used to terminate the dialogue
procedure. The composition of the procedure epilogue is highly dependent on
the type of terminal and implementation. The procedure epilogue can consist
of actuating a control switch, power off, etc. and/or keying a sequence
of
characters on the keyboard and/or the output of end of dialogue from the
system.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5
\fBinteractive operating sequence\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The interactive operating sequence may consist of a single command entry
sequence terminated by an optional end statement or of a series of
command entry sequences or special actions. The latter occurs when, as
a result of partial execution of a function, the system requests the supply
of further information in the form of special actions or further commands
for which human judgement and/or decision is required.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5.1
\fBcommand entry sequence\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A command entry sequence contains a single command code, together with
an alternating sequence of one or more parameter blocks and an appropriate
number of executions.
.PP
Any interactive operating sequence may be stopped prematurely by the user
with the entry of a particular command entry sequence. The latter could
consist of a certain command which is independent of any interactive operating
sequence, e.g.,\ EXIT, etc.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5.2
\fIManual response\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Special actions can include manual responses, such as the actuation of
keys on terminals or switchframes and the replacement of equipment.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5.3
\fIInteraction request output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The system generates an interaction request output in order to
obtain further actions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.5.4
\fBend statement\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
An end statement is an indication that an operating sequence has finished.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.6
\fIDirect parameter input\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Only one method of inputting parameters is dealt with in direct
parameter input. For other methods refer to Recommendations\ Z.321 to Z.323.
.PP
Direct parameter input consists of an optional parameter block entry sequence
preceded by the separator\ : (colon). The none or more parameter blocks
are to be terminated by the execution character\ ; (semicolon) or by the
continuation character\ ! (exclamation mark) to initiate the required functions
which will result in a response output.
.PP
If terminated by an execution character and responded by an acceptance
or rejection output, the system concludes the direct parameter input. If
terminated by a continuation character and responded by an acceptance or
rejection output, the system is required to return a parameter block request
indication that functions as an indication to proceed with the input of the
next block or blocks of parameters. If responded by a request output the
system is required to return a parameter block request indication that
functions as an invitation for entering either an updated part of the current
block of
parameters (e.g.,\ a parameter that was erroneously input) or an expansion of
the current block of parameters, dependent on the contents of the request
output. Following the parameter block request indication, the command entry
sequence can be abandoned by invoking the delete command function.
.PP
The parameters are input in accordance with the parameter block entry
sequence.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.6.1
\fIParameter block entry sequence\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The parameter block entry sequence is used to input a block of
parameters. All parameters are entered according to the input syntax. The
entry of the parameters may be done directly without help from the system
as
described in Recommendation\ Z.315, or assistance from the system may be
requested by calling the prompting facility. Prompting helps in providing a
correct input by the system giving guidance on the next input requirement.
.bp
.PP
The output given by the prompting facility can be either of the
following:
.RT
.LP
a)
Guidance output followed by a ? (question mark). The
guidance may apply to the complete block of parameters, to that
part of the block of parameters that is still to be input or to
the single parameter next to be input. Moreover it may contain
an indication that the input supplied is sufficient and that an
execution order may be given. Guidance can be requested anywhere
in the parameter block entry sequence.
.LP
b)
Parameter name output followed by an = (equal sign). The
parameter name applies to the parameter value next to be
input.
.PP
It is the objective of the parameter name output or guidance output to
assist the user in giving correct input required by the system for the
current command. In both cases the system may verify input received\ \(em\ if
possible\ \(em\ and prompt with enough information to enable input to
continue.
.PP
What kind of prompting output is given is dependent on the prompting facilities
supported by the system involved and\ \(em\ if more than one facility is
supported\ \(em\ on the place of the request for prompting.
.PP
These recommendations address prompting on request of the user.
Unsolicited system directed prompting is also possible but is not covered by
these recommendations.
.PP
Following \*Qparameter name output\*U, a default value for the parameter
cannot be implied by simply omitting the value. A specific \*Qdefault indicator\*U
must be given. If, however, a further\ ? (question mark) is input, the
system
will give guidance output, and default by omission may then be
possible.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.6.2
\fIParameter block request indication\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The parameter block request indication consists of a :\ (colon)
optionally preceded by the appropriate format effectors and/or the appropriate
command code.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.7
\fIResponse output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Response output covers all types of output conveying information
about the state of an input. Types of response output are acceptance output,
rejection output and request output.
.PP
A list of categories of each type of response output is given below. Each
category is identified by means of the status of the requested action or
by means of the error introduced by the user. The title of each category
is
not meant to be interpreted as the text to be associated with each response
output. Additional categories may be created, e.g.,\ by dividing into several
parts any one of the categories listed below.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.7.1
\fIAcceptance output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Acceptance output is an indication that an input to the system is syntactically
correct and complete and that the appropriate system actions will be initiated,
or have already been carried out. In the latter case, this
indication may take the form of the result of the actual action.
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fICategory\ of\ acceptance\ output\fR \fIDescription\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
COMMAND\ EXECUTED
The input command was correct and the requested
action(s) was successfully performed. The execution
of some commands may produce a result to be output
immediately after the command has been input. In this
case, the result itself may act as the acceptance
output.
.LP
COMMAND\ ACCEPTED
The input command was correct and the requested
action(s) was accepted. This action(s) is either in
progress or has been scheduled to be performed.
Subsequent outputs related to this requested action
may follow later.
.sp 1P
.LP
2.7.2
\fIRejection output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Rejection output is an indication by the system that the input
received is not valid and will not be acted upon, nor can correction be
applied, e.g.,\ when the system determines that the user is not authorized to
request the action required by the command.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fICategory\ of\ rejection\ output\fR \fIDescription\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
UNACCEPTABLE\ COMMAND
The command form is valid but the requested action
conflicts with the current system or equipment
status, e.g.,\ an attempt to restore an in\(hyservice
unit.
.LP
NO\ SYSTEM\ RESOURCES
The requested action cannot be executed now due to
unavailable system resources such as system
overload, excessive queue lengths, busy programs,
etc. The command may be entered again later.
.LP
TRANSMISSION\ ERROR
A transmission error occurred in the input and the
system will not accept the command.
.LP
SYSTEM\ ACCESS\ UNAVAILABLE
Input/output access to the system is
currently unavailable.
.LP
GENERAL\ ERROR
Any rejection that cannot be placed in one of the
more specific rejection output categories.
.LP
INVALID\ PASSWORD
The input password is unknown to the system or has
been input from an improper terminal.
.LP
ILLEGAL\ COMMAND
The input command cannot be requested under the
current password or from the terminal from which it
has been requested.
.LP
INVALID\ SEQUENCE
In an interactive operating sequence a command has
been entered in the wrong sequence.
.LP
UNKNOWN\ COMMAND\ CODE
The input command is not recognized by the
system.
.LP
TIME\ OUT\ ERROR ##1
The next input character has not been received in
time for processing and the command has been
aborted.
.LP
INVALID\ COMMAND
.LP
CODE\ SEPARATOR
.LP
\-v'1P'
\-v'8p'
The command code contains an invalid
separator.
\v'10p'
.LP
INVALID\ COMMAND
.LP
CODE\ IDENTIFIER
.LP
\-v'1P'
\-v'8p'
The command code contains an
invalid identifier.
\v'10p'
.sp 1P
.LP
2.7.3
\fIRequest output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Request output is an output message which requests further input
action, e.g.,\ to correct an erroneous parameter.
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fICategory\ of\ request\ output\fR \fIDescription\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
INVALID\ SEPARATOR
The wrong input character has been used as a
separator.
.LP
INVALID\ INDICATOR
The wrong input character has been used as an
indicator.
.LP
INVALID\ PARAMETER\ NAME
A parameter name not associated with this command
has been input.
.LP
EXTRA\ PARAMETERS
Too many parameters have been entered or a
parameter has been entered in a command not
requiring parameters.
.LP
MISSING\ PARAMETER
One or more parameters required by the command have
not been entered.
.LP
INCONSISTENT\ PARAMETER
The set of parameters in a command does not form a
valid set, or the parameters received at an
intermediate point are not a valid subset.
.LP
MISSING\ DATA
One or more information units of a parameter
argument have been omitted.
.LP
INCONSISTENT\ DATA
One or more parameter arguments are inconsistent
with arguments associated with other parameters, or
with the presence (absence) of other parameters in
the command, or with data already in the system,
although each could be individually valid.
.bp
.LP
INVALID\ INFORMATION\ GROUPING
The type of information grouping used in the
input of the parameter value is not valid.
.LP
RANGE\ ERROR
The value(s) assigned to a parameter is out of the
range of the allowed values.
.LP
INVALID\ INFORMATION\ UNIT
The information unit(s) introduced to specify the
value(s) of a parameter does not match with the
syntactic element requested for the information
unit(s).
.sp 1P
.LP
2.7.4
\fIMiscellaneous output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A category of output that does not belong to one of the types
above is that given when the dialogue is closed on the initiative of the
system.
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fICategory\ of\ output\fR \fIDescription\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
TIME\ OUT\ ERROR\ ##2
The next input after the completion of a command has
not been received in time and the dialogue has been
aborted.
.sp 9p
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBDefinition of the dialogue procedure syntax in diagrams\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Recommendations Z.315 and Z.316 describe the input and
output syntactic elements used, but not defined, in this
Recommendation.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.1
\fIDialogue procedure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34311, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2
\fIProcedure prologue\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 4P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29530, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.1
\fIRequest\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 9P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy26491, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.2
\fIIdentification procedure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 14P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000800\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.2.1
\fIReady indication\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 11P
.ad r
\fBFigure T1000810\(hy87, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.2.2
\fIIdentification or password invitation\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34330, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2.2.3
\fIPassword\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 8P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34341, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.3
\fIDestination prologue\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34360, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.3.1
\fIDestination identifier\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 4P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29590, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.4
\fIProcedure epilogue\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 11P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy57210, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.4.1
\fIEnd of dialogue\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 15P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy19043, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.5
\fIInteractive operating sequence\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 10P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29611, (M), p.\fR
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.5.1
\fICommand entry sequence\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 3P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29641, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.5.2
\fIManual response\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 10P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29621, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.5.3
\fIInteraction request output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29631, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.5.4
\fIEnd statement\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 16P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy19043, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.6
\fIDirect parameter input\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 46P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy57190, (MC), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.6.1
\fIParameter block entry sequence\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 17P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29671, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.6.2
\fIParameter block request indication\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 6P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34441, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.6.3
\fIGuidance output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy29602, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.7
\fIResponse output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.7.1
\fIAcceptance output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 7P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34460, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
3.7.2
\fIRejection output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34470, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.7.3
\fIRequest output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34480, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBInput/output management\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1
\fIGeneral\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The question of input/output management is highly hardware and
system dependent. Input/output management strategies should be provided
to:
.RT
.LP
\(em
solve any conflict of output outside dialogue directed to an
input/output (I/O) device involved in a dialogue procedure;
.LP
\(em
solve any conflict of more than one output outside
dialogue competing for the same I/O device;
.LP
\(em
permit the user to perform a dialogue at any time.
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2
\fIPriorities of output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The priority of an output outside dialogue will determine the
behaviour of the output in relation to a dialogue procedure and in relation
to other outputs. System crash messages and those outputs that occur after
a
dangerous situation, implying an immediate recovery procedure such as system
reload, are not governed by the following input/output management procedures
but may be output at any time.
.PP
The priority of an output outside dialogue is the property of the
output and dictates the sequence of the output. When several outputs are
competing for the use of the same\ I/O device, the output with the highest
priority is output first. Outputs of the same priority are output on a first
come first served basis. From an input/output management point of view there
shall be two classes of priority for output outside dialogue: high, low.
.PP
Lengthy outputs shall be divided into convenient units. Interruptions of
output shall only occur at the end of an output unit. A suitable dimension
for a unit of output shall be sufficient to allow the output of a meaningful
message.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.3
\fIOutput to a device not in a dialogue procedure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
An output outside dialogue directed to an I/O device not involved in a
dialogue procedure is always output, unless another output is in progress
on that\ I/O device, in which case the current output must be completed
first. These outputs may be interrupted by input (see \(sc\ 4.5).
.PP
Optionally a system may choose to output the current output only up to
the end of the current unit of output before outputting a waiting high
priority output.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4
\fIOutput to a device in a dialogue procedure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
High priority outputs, which are outputs outside dialogue, are
allowed either to be announced or to interrupt the dialogue between interactive
operating sequences
.FS
Interruption in other places is not excluded.
.FE
.
When a high priority output is announced by
means of a message waiting indication, an acceptance input can be given
which will cause the waiting output to take place (see \(sc\ 4.4.1 for
an extended syntax diagram for output interrupting input).
.PP
Low priority outputs, which are outputs outside dialogue, are not
allowed to be announced or to interrupt the dialogue and should be delayed
until the end of the dialogue.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4.1
\fIInterruption in dialogue due to input/output management\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 21P
.ad r
\fBFigure CCITT\(hy34491, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5
\fIInput interrupting output\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A facility is provided to allow the interruption of an output
occurring at an I/O device. However, a request, rejection or acceptance
output (where it is not used as the result of the actual action) cannot
be
interrupted. The output may be interrupted by means of a request as defined
in \(sc\ 2.2.1. When the above request has been made the dialogue with
the system
can be started/continued.
.PP
The interrupted output may be managed by giving an instruction to
resume, cancel or restart it. Alternatively, the interrupted output may be
managed according to the property of the message itself, assigned at the
time of message design.
.PP
When the interrupt request is given, the interrupt shall be carried
out after the current unit of output.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBTime\(hyout control inside dialogue\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Two particular time\(hyouts are identified within a dialogue. The
time\(hyouts are provided to prevent lockout of outputs and/or to prove the
presence of the user. The latter is used when the system has functions for
procedure prologue and epilogue. In this case, two time\(hyouts may be provided
where the first one is used within any input. The second time\(hyout is
set after completion of the procedure prologue, the destination prologue,
and the command entry sequence. Both time\(hyouts are cancelled by the
receipt of any input.
.PP
When the first time\(hyout elapses, it is suggested that cancellation of
the actual input should occur. When the second time\(hyout elapses, it
is
suggested that the epilogue procedure should take place. Any output can take
place when the first time\(hyout has elapsed.
.RT
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ A
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation Z.317)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBUse of SDL to describe MML dialogue procedures\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
A.1
\fIIntroduction\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The specification and Description Language (SDL) described in the Z.100
series Recommendations can be used to describe MML dialogue procedures.
This annex provides SDL examples of MML dialogue procedures from
Recommendation\ Z.317.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
A.2
\fISDL description of dialogue procedures\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The SDL diagrams in figures A\(hy1/Z.317 to A\(hy3/Z.317 cover the main
procedural aspects described in \(sc\ 3 of Recommendation\ Z.317, excluiding
the
\*QParameter entry sequence\*U. Also, other aspects, such as I/O management and
timing recommended in \(sc\(sc\ 4 and\ 5 of Recommendation Z.317 have not
been dealt
with in the SDL diagrams.
.PP
The SDL diagrams have been developed with the aim of describing the
MML interface. The SDL elements are:
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
\fISDL element\fR \fIPurpose\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
INPUT
What the operator keys in
.LP
OUTPUT
System response
.LP
DECISION
A system decision point
.LP
ALTERNATIVE
Shows different implementation possibilities
.PP
The SDL diagrams correspond to the following figures in
Recommendation\ Z.317:
.LP
Figure A\(hy1/Z.317
Procedure prologue (\(sc 3.2)
.LP
Request (\(sc 3.2.1)
.LP
Identification procedure (\(sc 3.2.2)
.LP
Figure A\(hy2/Z.317
Destination prologue (\(sc 3.3)
.LP
Procedure epilogue (\(sc 3.4)
.LP
Figure A\(hy3/Z.317
Interactive operating sequence (\(sc 3.5)
.LP
Command entry sequence (\(sc 3.5.1)
.LP
Direct parameter input (\(sc 3.6)
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy1/Z.317, (feuillet 1 sur 2), (N), p.81\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy1/Z.317, (feuillet 2 sur 2), (N), p.82\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy2/Z.317, (N), p.83\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy3/Z.317, (feuillet 1 sur 2), (N), p.84\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy3/Z.317, (feuillet 2 sur 2), (N), p.85\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp